Irini Mandate Extended with Serious Amendments

Yesterday, the German Bundestag talked about the Irini mandate. This mandate is reviewed at regular intervals. This time, however, a devastating change in wording has been introduced, which will now allow the German armed forces (Bundeswehr) to equip and train the so-called Libyan coast guard. In previous versions of the mandate, this had been suspended due to the lack of reliable partners in Libya.

In the current mandate, this fact no longer seems to matter. “The political situation in Libya remains marked by a stalled political transition process, conflicting political factions and increasingly divided institutions in the East and West.” Nevertheless, the new mandate text states: “The operation also supports relevant Libyan institutions responsible for law enforcement and search and rescue at sea, in building their capacities and conducting training in maritime law enforcement (…)”. What exactly these changes mean is not clearly communicated or further explained in the mandate.

The so-called Libyan coast guard regularly violates human rights and uses extreme violence against people fleeing by sea as well as against crews on rescue ships. In recent weeks alone, four rescue ships flying European flags and carrying numerous rescued individuals on board were directly fired upon by the so-called Libyan coast guard. Another dramatic incident occurred this week involving a wooden boat carrying 140 people fleeing across the sea. In that case, Libyan militias deliberately opened fire on the people onboard. One person is now in a coma with a severe gunshot wound and two others were seriously injured.

With the amendment to the Irini mandate, the German Bundeswehr would now be able to supply weapons for such attacks to the so-called Libyan coast guard and provide training to these militias for such maneuvers.While many European countries already support this actively, the German government had previously refrained from doing so. This amendment marks a new milestone in the brutal migration policy of the current German government and makes the work of sea rescuers even more dangerous.

Anna di Bari, board member of Sea-Eye, warns: “When Europe releases funds, it actively contributes to financing human rights violations — now even with a blank check from Germany. People leave their homes because they have no other choice; they endure extreme hardship and deadly risks in the hope of a safe life. And now it seems Germany is choosing to support those who drag back people who are seeking protection and torture, rape and even kill them. The federal government must reveal its plans: Is it truly preparing to train those actors who shoot at people seeking protection? We will not allow more and more European tax money to flow into a border policy that disregards human dignity.

The previous German government had taken a first step by halting training efforts, in order to ensure that this task would no longer be part of the mission across Europe. Sea-Eye demands full transparency of the current plans and an immediate end to any cooperation with Libyan militias.

What is the Irini Mandate?
The EUNAVFOR MED Irini operation is intended to ensure the enforcement of the arms embargo against Libya. However, the mandate also includes a number of additional tasks, such as enforcing measures against the illegal export of oil from Libya, monitoring and potentially dismantling illegal human trafficking activities at sea and now also supporting relevant institutions in Libya.

When Human Lives Become a Matter of Negotiation: Europe’s Approach to Sea Rescue

This week, a court in Trapani confirmed it once again: the detention of the rescue vessel MEDITERRANEA, operated by the Italian organization Mediterranea Saving Humans, was illegal. In August, the rescue ship entered the port of safety in Trapani with ten rescued people on board – despite the fact that Italian authorities had previously assigned them the port of Genoa. The reason: the people on board were in urgent need of medical attention.

As a consequence, Italian authorities detained the ship based on the so-called Piantedosi Decree – an instrument that has already been overturned in court in at least ten cases. In more than twice as many proceedings, verdicts are still pending.

Anna di Bari, board member of Sea-Eye, explains: “Systematic attempts to put pressure on civil sea rescue are nothing new. But the court decisions make it clear: Italy is abusing the law to deter. Those who save people are criminalised – those who let them die are courted.

Data from Matteo Villa also show that the former SEA-EYE 4 – now operating as MEDITERRANEA – is particularly frequently affected by criminalization. Its excellent suitability for saving lives has become a disadvantage: by assigning ports that are far away, its missions are deliberately restricted and rescue capacities reduced.

Although MEDITERRANEA has been detained especially often, many other civil rescue ships are also affected. For instance, the Geo Barents, operated by Doctors Without Borders, has already been detained four times – in two of those cases, legal proceedings to clarify the legitimacy are still ongoing. Organizations such as Sea-Watch and Sea-Eye have also repeatedly faced detentions. This demonstrates how systematic these detentions are – and how deliberately rescue efforts in the Mediterranean are being hindered or prevented. The current court ruling once again makes it clear how often these measures are unlawful.

About the Piantedosi Decree

2022: The Beginning of a Restrictive Policy Shift via the Piantedosi Decree:
During a mission in June 2022, the crew of the SEA-EYE 4 rescued around 500 people. During this mission, the first signs of a political shift in Italy became apparent: in December of the same year, for the first time, Italian authorities directly assigned a port during an ongoing rescue operation – a foreshadowing of what the Piantedosi Decree would bring.

The decree obliges rescue ships to head to an assigned – often distant – port immediately after a single rescue, instead of continuing with further rescues. Non-compliance is punished with heavy fines and vessel seizures. A turning point that has severely hampered civilian sea rescue operations.

40-hour transit at 33 degrees Celsius severely affects the health of those rescued

During Saturday night, the crew of the SEA-EYE 5 responded to a distress call from the organisation Alarm Phone at around 3:00 a.m. and was able to rescue 43 people from imminent danger. A few hours later, at around 6:00 a.m., the crew spotted another unseaworthy boat with nine people, who were also safely taken aboard the all-weather lifeboat.

Among the 52 people rescued are three babies and two pregnant women. The rescue ship is currently on its way to Brindisi, assigned port of safety by the Italian authorities.

“The people on board have already been through a great deal,” reports Dr Giovanni Cappa,  on-board doctor on the SEA-EYE 5 for German Doctors. “The extreme heat and the swell are very difficult to cope with, especially for the babies and pregnant women. It would be so easy to alleviate their suffering by allowing us to head for a closer port of safety as quickly as possible.”

The SEA-EYE 5 is designed for emergency rescues, but not for long transit routes. In addition, drinking water supplies are becoming increasingly scarce. The crew of the SEA-EYE 5 has already asked the Italian authorities twice to assign a closer port, but both requests remained unsuccessful.

Gorden Isler, Chairman of Sea-Eye e. V., explains: “These people have already experienced the unimaginable. Now they are being forced to endure extremely stressful conditions and wait unnecessarily long periods for disembarkation – these are disgusting political power games and inhumane and absolutely unacceptable behaviour, carried out at the expense of people who have already had to leave everything behind in the hope of a better future – knowing full well that the attempt could cost them their lives.”

Despite massive criticism from civil society and politicians, the Bundestag’s Budget Committee decided yesterday to completely cut funding for civil sea rescue. This means that the previous support of two million euros per year, which had been supporting humanitarian rescue operations in the Mediterranean since 2022, will no longer be available. Between October 2023 and February 2025, state-supported missions by Sea-Eye saved an additional 747 people from drowning. The complete elimination of these funds will have a concrete impact on rescue operations and the chances of survival for people in distress at sea.

“This decision is a political declaration of bankruptcy – and a slap in the face for all those who have been involved in civil sea rescue for the past 10 years. People seeking protection will pay for this decision with their lives with fewer rescue missions being planned and financed by organisations such as Sea-Eye. This will only make the passage across the Mediterranean even more dangerous,” says Gorden Isler, chairman of Sea-Eye e.V. “We will not give up. While this government is content to count the dead, we will continue to save lives.”

Sea-Eye and Campact had protested against the planned cuts on the morning before the decision and handed over a petition with 93,724 signatures to Britta Haßelmann and Ricarda Lang (Alliance 90/The Greens). But the protest remained unheard.

“It is no coincidence that the federal government is cutting funding at precisely the moment when sea rescue organisations are being massively criminalised and blocked – it is a political decision with deadly consequences,” criticises Gorden Isler.

Despite the funding cuts, Sea-Eye has pledged to continue its rescue operations – with the support of civil society:

 “We would like to thank the tens of thousands of people who stand with us against this policy of isolation. It is their support that keeps us going. And as long as we have the opportunity, we will continue to rescue people – because every life saved counts,”  Gorden Isler emphasises.

Sea-Eye and WeAct submit petition with 93.724 signatures – German government remains silent, Green Party pledges support

Ahead of the budget committee’s reconciliation meeting, the civil sea rescue organization Sea-Eye, together with Campact, protests against the impending end of state funding for civil sea rescue. The cut of 2 million euros per year has been met with widespread protest from civil society and politicians: this morning, Sea-Eye handed over a WeAct petition with around 94,000 signatures to Britta Haßelmann and Ricarda Lang (Alliance 90/The Greens) in front of the Reichstag building. Chancellor Merz (CDU), Foreign Minister Wadephul (CDU), and Finance Minister Klingbeil (SPD), the recipients of the petition, have so far failed to respond. 

“With our protest today, we want to make it very clear that the federal government has lost its moral compass,” says Kai Echelmeyer, board member of Sea-Eye e.V. “Instead of protecting human rights and taking responsibility, it is cutting lifesaving measures from the budget. This is not only a fatal political signal, but also a declaration of humanitarian bankruptcy.”

Since the plans for cuts became known at the end of June, there has been massive resistance to the proposed end of funding. Sea-Eye and its supporters mobilized tens of thousands of people within a very short time – among other things, over 7,000 personal emails were sent to members of the Bundestag. The main target was the SPD, which had declared its support for the funding of civil sea rescue at its last party conference. Twelve SPD members of parliament then appealed to Foreign Minister Wadephul in an open letter to reconsider the cut in Budget Section 05. Without federal funding, missions could be canceled – resulting in more deaths in the Mediterranean.

“The amount that has been earmarked [for civil sea rescue] so far is so small that this is not a matter of budget consolidation and austerity measures, which would be bad enough, but rather of intimidating civil society and enforcing a fundamentally anti-immigration policy […]. We will not go along with this course,” Ricarda Lang (Alliance 90/The Greens) makes clear.

Britta Haßelmann (Alliance 90/The Greens) emphasizes: “Civil sea rescue must be financed. It is a really small contribution in this large federal budget. […] That is why we are entering the budget planning process with a motion initiative from Alliance 90/The Greens to continue financing civil sea rescue. It should actually be the responsibility and duty of the state to rescue people from distress at sea.” 

For the first time, the federal government supported the humanitarian work of civil sea rescue organizations with 2 million euros annually starting in 2022. This financial support has enabled organizations such as Sea-Eye to carry out additional missions and, literally, save lives. The cancellation of these funds will have a direct impact on rescue operations and the chances of survival for people in distress at sea. The budget committee’s decision is expected during the reconciliation meeting.

Ten years after Alan Kurdi’s death, the lack of safe passage for refugees still forces people to flee across the Mediterranean

On Sunday morning at around 9 a.m., the crew of the SEA-EYE 5 reached a distress case reported by the organisation Alarm Phone. Within a few hours, the crew was able to rescue 144 people who had been at sea for days on an unseaworthy wooden boat. 

Dr Giovanni Cappa, on-board doctor on the SEA-EYE 5 for German Doctors e.V. , reports:

“Several of the people on board were dehydrated and malnourished. Among those who were rescued was a pregnant woman. Several people were in critical condition and required immediate medical attention. This was a challenge for the entire crew, who had to provide care while also looking after such a large number of people in distress.”

Two people in critical condition required medical evacuation. The two medical emergencies were taken over by an Italian coast guard vessel south of Lampedusa, along with 51 other people.

After the rescue operation, the Italian authorities instructed the SEA-EYE 5 to take the remaining approximately 100 people to the port of Taranto, some 40 hours away. As the all-weather lifeboat is not designed to transfer such a large number of people over a long distance, the crew repeatedly asked the Italian authorities to allow them to disembark the people at a closer port – in vain.

“Despite our ongoing support, the people on board are forced to endure extreme temperatures on deck, with very limited space, and for a prolonged period of time due to the distant port of disembarkation assigned to us. Under these conditions, their health can only worsen”, Dr Giovanni Cappa warns.

Late on Monday afternoon, the Italian Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre sent a navy ship to escort the SEA-EYE 5 to Taranto.

“Tomorrow marks the tenth anniversary of the deaths of Alan Kurdi, his brother Ghalib and his mother Rehanna. It is shameful that ten years later, we still have not created safe passage for refugees, but that even in 2025, people are still forced to undertake life-threatening escapes across the central Mediterranean. European governments have not only failed to establish a state run sea rescue programme, but are also actively hindering the work of civil aid organisations. The fact that they are thinking up particularly creative ways of harassing people who have been rescued, exposing them to further stress and health-threatening hardships after everything they have been through, is simply perfidious,” says Gorden Isler, chairman of Sea-Eye e.V.

The attack by Hamas on 7 October 2023 and the escalating, immeasurable human suffering caused by Israel’s response constitute a fundamental violation of international humanitarian law. It is the backbone of the protection of civilians in armed conflicts – it applies always, everywhere and to everyone. It is non-negotiable, non-relativisable, and indivisible. Sea-Eye e.V. therefore appeals to all parties to respect international humanitarian law without exception.

Hamas must treat all hostages still in its custody humanely and release them unconditionally. The collective punishment of the population of Gaza through forced displacement, starvation or blockade by the Israeli government must end immediately. The deliberate violation of rules protecting humanitarian principles is an attack on the fundamental principles of humanity – and cannot be justified under any circumstances.

Sea-Eye therefore fully endorses the declaration of the 111 humanitarian organisations and supports the resolution of Médecins Sans Frontières, which calls for an immediate ceasefire and unhindered access for aid supplies by land under UN coordination.

A quiet decision during the parliamentary summer recess that dangerously reduces the chances of survival for people fleeing.

Context & background

  • The German federal government, made up of the CDU/CSU and SPD, plans to completely withdraw the annual funding of around two million euros to organisations such as Sea-Eye, SOS Humanity, Sant’Egidio and others from 2026. 
  • Now, the Budget Committee has decided that financial support for civil sea rescue operations should already be withdrawn this year. According to the Foreign Office, the amount was still around 900,000 euros in the first quarter of 2025, which means that organisations will have to fill a gap of around 1.1 million euros in 2025.
  • Sea-Eye warned that the loss of government support could lead to missions being cancelled and rescue ships possibly having to remain in port.
  • At the SPD federal party conference in June, the Social Democrats (SPD) voted by a large majority in favour of continuing civil sea rescue operations. However, the draft budget for 2026 does not contain any funds – the SPD parliamentary group remains inactive.
  • Foreign Secretary Johann Wadephul (CDU) had already declared at the end of June that he rejected funding for civil society sea rescuers. Civil sea rescue was an ‘inappropriate method,’ he said. 
  • Chancellor Friedrich Merz also expressed his opposition on Sandra Maischberger’s talk show. Civil sea rescue was ‘not a task for the private sector,’ he said.

“The dispute over civil sea rescue is a core conflict in democratic politics. After all, who decides in a democracy whether human rights are enforced or abandoned – party conferences or budget committees? It is shocking how the federal government is trying to quietly and secretly shirk its responsibility during the parliamentary summer recess. Sea rescue is a cornerstone of civilisation in our treatment of people fleeing their homes. We continue to insist on continued funding,” says Gorden Isler, chairman of Sea-Eye e.V.

Between October 2023 and February 2025, state-supported Sea-Eye missions saved an additional 747 people from drowning. 

Previously, two people with serious injuries had to be medically evacuated

At around 12:00 noon on Thursday, the SEA-EYE 5 crew rescued 17 people in the Mediterranean Sea. One person’s condition was so critical that the crew requested a medical evacuation. A helicopter then took this person to hospital in Malta for urgent treatment.

“The health condition of most of the rescued persons was stable; some were seasick. One person had inhaled too much fuel, which caused their blood oxygen level to drop too low. We provided them with oxygen and treated them for dehydration. Their condition was too critical to keep them on board for a longer period of time, so we requested an evacuation,” reports Dr Nour Hanna-Krahl, the emergency doctor from German Doctors on board the SEA-EYE 5.

About three hours after the helicopter operation, the health condition of a second rescued person deteriorated. The crew therefore requested another medical evacuation. An Italian coast guard vessel took the person on board and brought them ashore in Lampedusa so that they could receive immediate medical treatment.

Following the mission, the Italian authorities designated the port of Vibo Valentia for the SEA-EYE 5, located approximately 400 nautical miles from the location of the rescue. After an almost 30-hour journey, the 15 rescued people were able to safely go ashore late Friday evening.

This has been the second rescue operation for the SEA-EYE 5 during this mission. 14 people had been brought to safety on board the all-weather lifeboat on Saturday morning (19 July) and disembarked at the designated port of Reggio Calabria on Sunday evening.

32 organisations demand the immediate ending of the systematic obstruction of non-governmental search and rescue (SAR) efforts by the Italian state. In the past month alone, NGO vessels have been detained three times due to legal restrictions based on allegations under the “Piantedosi decree” – one of them, the monitoring vessel Nadir operated by RESQSHIP, got detained twice in a row. Deliberately keeping non-governmental search and rescue organisations away from the Central Mediterranean causes countless more deaths at sea on one of the deadliest flight routes worldwide.

Despite numerous alerts raised by SAR organisations, NGO vessels continue to be arbitrarily detained since the adoption of the “Piantedosi decree” in January 2023, aggravated by the conversion into law of the “Flussi decree” in December 2024. In the last month, Nadir and Sea-Eye 5, two of the smaller vessels operated by RESQSHIP and Sea-Eye, were detained on accusations of not complying with authorities’ instructions. Both crews were assigned very distant ports and asked for partial transshipments of people based on vulnerability criteria, despite the fact that a proper vulnerability assessment needs a safe environment and can not be conducted aboard a ship and directly after a rescue. 

Implementing legal and administrative obstructions serves an obvious goal: to keep SAR vessels away from their operational areas, drastically restricting their active presence at sea. Without the presence of NGO assets and aircrafts, more people will drown while fleeing across the Central Mediterranean, and human rights violations as well as shipwrecks will occur unnoticed. Smaller vessels play a crucial role: they monitor the route, provide first aid to people on boats in distress and, when necessary, embark the people until the arrival of better-equipped vessels.

Since February 2023, NGO ships have been subjected to 29 detentions, amounting to a total of 700 days in harbours instead of rescuing lives at sea. They spent an additional 822 days at sea navigating to reach assigned ports at unjustifiable distances, amounting to 330,000 kilometres of navigation. What initially only affected non-governmental SAR vessels has now been extended also to smaller monitoring ships.

In addition, NGOs spend a huge amount of time and financial resources appealing Italy’s restrictive legislation and the administrative detentions arbitrarily imposed on them.

In previous months, national courts – in Catanzaro, Reggio Calabria, Crotone, Vibo Valentia, and Ancona – issued decisions recognising the detention of NGO rescue ships at port to be unlawful and, as a consequence, they annulled the related fines. In October 2024, the Brindisi Tribunal asked the Italian Constitutional Court to assess the compatibility of the “Piantedosi decree”, converted into law in February 2023, with the Italian Constitution. On the 8th of July 2025, the Constitutional court re-established that the Law of the Sea cannot be circumvented by punitive and discriminatory norms and any order contrary to it is to be considered illegal and illegitimate.

Non-assistance is a crime!

Under international maritime law, every shipmaster has the obligation to assist persons in distress at sea. Likewise, any state operating a Rescue Coordination Centre is legally bound to facilitate and ensure timely rescue operations. Yet today, what we are witnessing is not a state failure, but a pattern of deliberate violations: withholding information about distress cases, coordinating with the so-called Libyan coast guards for illegal pullbacks – even within Maltese waters – and allowing Frontex aircraft to observe shipwrecks and violent interception without intervening.

These practices are a blatant violation of the SOLAS Convention, the SAR Convention, UNCLOS, and the principle of non-refoulement. When states obstruct rescue activities instead of enabling them, they are not enforcing the law, they are breaking it.

Background

In December 2024, the “Flussi decree” (converted by Law 145/2024) concerning migration and asylum legislation passed by the Italian government came into force. It tightens the already restrictive provisions of the “Piantedosi decree”, ranging from fines to the detention and permanent confiscation of search and rescue vessels . The new provisions facilitate the confiscation of vessels by holding shipowners liable for repeated violations regardless of the captain, and hence represents a further escalation in the targeted obstruction of the work of SAR NGOs in the Central Mediterranean.

Ten years ago, search and rescue NGOs started filling the lethal gap left by the EU and its Member States in the Central Mediterranean. While the EU increasingly focuses on border control and border externalisation to prevent any arrivals of people on the move to European coasts, more than 175.500 people have been rescued by NGO ships since then. Nevertheless, since 2017, SAR actors have been increasingly exposed to criminalisation and systematic obstruction due to restrictive laws and policies, which contradict international maritime law and human rights.

We demand:

  • The immediate repeal of the Piantedosi and Flussi decrees, putting an end to inhumane requests for rescue ships to perform partial disembarkation and stopping the assignment of distant ports. As requested by international maritime law, those who have just been rescued should be disembarked without delay at the closest place of safety; they should not be made to endure long journeys due to political calculations.
  • The immediate release of the monitoring sailing vessel Nadir and the end to the obstruction and criminalization of non-governemental SAR activities.
  • That EU member states fulfil their duty to rescue people at sea and comply with international law. The authorities should provide all NGO ships with the necessary support in the coordination of rescues in order to take their responsibility to assist people in distress.
  • The establishment of a EU-financed and coordinated search and rescue programme.
  • Safe and legal pathways to Europe to prevent people from being forced onto unseaworthy boats and embarking on difficult and sometimes deadly journeys.

Signatories:

  1. Association for Juridical Studies on Immigration (ASGI)
  2. borderline-europe, Human rights without borders e.V.
  3. Captain Support Network
  4. Cilip | Bürgerrechte & Polizei 
  5. CompassCollective
  6. CONVENZIONE DEI DIRITTI NEL MEDITERRANEO 
  7. EMERGENCY
  8. European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR)
  9. Gruppo Melitea 
  10. iuventa-crew
  11. LasciateCIEntrare 
  12. Maldusa project
  13. Médecins Sans Frontières
  14. MEDITERRANEA Saving Humans
  15. MEM.MED Memoria Mediterranea 
  16. migration-control.info project
  17. MV Louise Michel project
  18. Open Arms 
  19. RESQSHIP
  20. r42 Sail And Rescue
  21. Refugees in Libya
  22. Salvamento Marítimo Humanitario (SMH)
  23. SARAH-Seenotrettung 
  24. Sea-Eye
  25. Sea Punks e.V
  26. Sea-Watch
  27. SOS Humanity
  28. SOS MEDITERRANEE
  29. Statewatch
  30. Tunisian Forum for Social and Economic Rights FTDES
  31. United4Rescue 
  32. Watch the Med Alarm Phone